Modeling Social Response to the Spread of an Infectious Disease

With the globalization of culture and economic trade, it is increasingly important not only to detect outbreaks of infectious disease early, but also to anticipate the social response to the disease. In this thesis, we use social network analysis and data mining methods to model negative social response (NSR), where a society demonstrates strain associated with a disease. Specifically, we apply real world biosurveillance data on over 11,000 initial events to: 1) describe how negative social response spreads within an outbreak, and 2) analytically predict negative social response to an outbreak. In the first approach, we developed a meta-model that describes the interrelated spread of disease and NSR over a network. This model is based on both a susceptible-infectiverecovered (SIR) epidemiology model and a social influence model. It accurately captured the collective behavior of a complex epidemic, providing insights on the volatility of social response. In the second approach, we introduced a multi-step joint methodology to improve the detection and prediction of rare NSR events. The methodology significantly reduced the incidence of false positives over a more conventional supervised learning model. We found that social response to the spread of an infectious disease is predictable, despite the seemingly random occurrence of these events. Together, both approaches offer a framework for expanding a society’s critical biosurveillance capability. Technical Supervisor: Dr. Natasha Markuzon Title: Principal Member of the Technical Staff The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Thesis Supervisor: Marta Gonzalez Title: Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology